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Katsu Kaishū
was a Japanese statesman and naval engineer during the Late Tokugawa shogunate and early Meiji period.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Katsu Kaishū" in .〕 Kaishū was a nickname which he took from a piece of calligraphy (Kaishū Shooku ) by Sakuma Shōzan. He went through a series of given names throughout his life; his childhood name was and his real name was . He was often called from his title during the late Tokugawa shogunate and changed his name to after the Meiji Restoration.
Katsu Kaishū eventually rose to occupy the position of commissioner ''(Gunkan-bugyō)'' in the Tokugawa navy. He is particularly known for his role in the surrender of Edo.
==Early life==
Katsu was born in Edo (present day Tokyo) to a low-ranking retainer of the Tokugawa Shogun. His father, Katsu Kokichi, the subject of the autobiography, Musui's Story, was the ill-behaved head of a minor ''samurai'' family. As a youth Katsu Kaishu, whose given name was Katsu Rintaro (Kaishu was pseudonym), studied Dutch and European military science, and was eventually appointed translator by the government when European powers attempted to open contact with Japan. Katsu developed the reputation as an expert in western military technology.
Under the advice of Dutch naval officers, Katsu served as head naval cadet at the Nagasaki Naval Academy between 1855 and 1859.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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